许多人在演讲、写作或谈话中,喜欢引用一些格言 (adage) 、成语 (proverb) 或引语 (quotation) 等,使其内容更加活泼生动,有时还能收到「事半功倍」之效。我们也可以模仿。
值得一提的是:成语或格言,一般而言,都是照原文独立使用。不过有时也可用在新的句子里;有时也可用肯定句或否定句;有时动词时态也可稍加改变;这要看使用时的情况而定。但无论如何,必须保持原文的完整性。在此,先以第一句为例,希望能收「举一反三」之效。
(1) You can not teach an old dog new tricks ── 照字面意思是:你不能教老狗学新的把戏。也就是说:年老守旧的人,不易改变旧的作风,或接受新的事物和新思想。 (Some people find it impossible to change their ways; or older people can not accept the changes or new ideas.) 虽然这句成语可以独立使用,但只要能维持原文的完整性,也可「动些手脚」。例如:
Stop trying to teach an old dog new tricks; you are just wasting time. (别想教老狗新花样,你只是白花时间。)
Are you trying to teach an old dog new tricks?
He is impossible. Don`t try to teach an old dog new tricks. ( impossible 是指顽固成性、墨守成规的人。)
I have tried teaching an old dog new tricks, but it doesn`t work. (注:教狗不直接用 teach ,要用 try to teach 。)
(2) All that glitters is not gold. ── 字面的意思是:所有能闪闪发光的东西,未必都是黄金。换言之,就是许多外表漂亮的物品,未必都是真正的宝贝。因为也许是金玉其外,败絮其中,或是中看不中用。 (not every beautiful thing is valuable. 也有人说成: All is not gold that glitters. (glitter 是动词,意思是闪闪发光或光彩夺目。 ) 也可用在句子里:
I told my students that all that glitters is not gold.
还有一句相似的成语: Don`t judge a book by its cover. ( 意思是:不能以书皮的美丑,去判断书的内容好坏。 )
(3) Pepole ( 或 Those) who live in glass houses should not throw stones ( 或 rocks) ── 照字面的意思是:住在玻璃屋里的人不可丢石头。也就是说,世间没有十全十美的人,每个人都有缺点,所以不要批评别人。即所谓「自身有短,勿批他人」。 (Nobody is perfect, so we should not criticize others.) 类似的,还有: Don`t judge a man until you have walked a mile in his shoes. ( 除非你充分了解人家的立场,不可轻易作出评估。 ) (judge = criticize; have walked a mile in his shoes = have understood his situation well enough)
另一句是: Judge not lest ye be judged. ( 来自圣经 ) (意思是:不要批评别人,免得将来也被别人批评。) (ye 是古字 = you ; lest 是连接词,意思是唯恐或免得。 )
就是: If you criticize others, you probably will be criticized ,too. 所以我们也可以说: He told his children“Judge not lest ye be judged.”
(4) It is more blessed to give than to receive. ── 意思是:施比受更有福。也就是劝人多多行善,帮助他人。( blessed 是形容词,意思是幸福的,受尊敬的。)这句话不但可独立使用,也可用在不同的句子里:
Especially during Christmas time, it`s more blessed to give than to receive. (尤其在圣诞时更要助人)
The longer I live the more I realize that it is more blessed to give than to receive. (我活得愈久,愈体会到施比受更有福。)
(5) Every cloud has a silver lining. ── 照字面的意思是,每一个阴云中,都有一点银白的衬层。换句话就是,每一个不好的情况,也有好的一面。即所谓「黑暗中总有一线光明」。 (Something good in every situation; or there is a positive side in everything.) (lining 是名词,意思是内衬或环衬。 ) 所以劝人不可悲观,就可以说:
Don`t be so grumpy and pessimistic because every cloud has a silver lining. ( 不要这麽暴躁和悲观,事情也有好的一面。 )
(6) A rolling stone gathers no moss. ── 这是一句老俗语,但还是很流行。照字面的意思是,转动的石头,是长不出苔藓的。也就是说,常常在工作上变动的人,较难得到很好的资历,也难受到别人的信任。即所谓「滚石不生苔,转业不聚财」。 (One who is always on the move or changes jobs often will not save or keep much money.) 所以我们可以劝年轻人不可见异思迁,到时一事无成:
Don`t change your job too frequently because a rolling stone gathers no moss.
(7) You can lead a horse to water, but you can not make him drink. ── 意思是说,带马到河边容易,但逼马饮水倒很困难。换句话说,有好的建议,尽管可以提出,但不能逼人家做他不愿做的事。因为人家不肯照著你的意思做,还是没有办法啊! (You can encourage, but not force, someone to do something; or you may give someone an advice, but you can`t force him /her to follow it.) 例如:
I can not force her to marry him. After all you can lead a horse to water, but you can not make him drink. (我不能逼她嫁给他。毕竟带马到河边容易,逼马饮水倒困难。)
(8) Don`t put all your eggs in one basket. ── 照字面意思是:不要把全部鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。也就是劝人不可把一切希望寄托在一个计画上,或集中全部的财力干一件事。( don`t risk everything you have on a single plan or idea; don`t forcus or invest too much in one specific area )(注:只用 basket ,而不用 box 或 bag ,也许因为从前农夫把鸡蛋拾起後,都放在篮子里。) 所以可以说:
If you are spending all your money on that stock, you are putting all your eggs in one basket. (假如你把所有的钱投资在一种股票上,那就太冒险了。) I don`t want to put all my eggs in one basket. (我不想冒著孤注一掷的风险。)
(9) If you can not stand the heat, get ( 或 stay) out of the kitchen. 这句话,是过去美国总统 Harry Truman 的名言。意思是:如果你不能忍受炎热高温,你就应该离开厨房。也就是说,假如你缺乏精力与胆量,不能承受工作的压力,或是不能接受尖锐批评的勇气,那麽你就不要谋求或担任高层的职位。(这里的 heat 是指 stress 或 pressure ; kitchen 是指 office 或 position 。)
简单的说,就是: If you can not stand the stress, you should exit (或 leave ) .
I know it is a very tough job; if you can`t stand the heat, stay out of the kitchen. (我知道那是一个艰难的工作,假如你无法承受压力,你就应该离职。)
(10) There is more than one way to skin a cat. 照字面的意思是:要剥一只猫的皮,不是只有一种方法。换句话说,要想达到相同的目标,是有很多的办法 (different ways of reaching the same goal) 。 所以可以说:
Don`t be so stubborn about this problem because there is more than one way to skin a cat. ( 对这问题不必太固执,因为有许多方法可以解决。 ) ( 注:只用 skin ,不用 kill ;只用 cat ,不用 dog 。 )
(11) Don`t throw the baby out with the bath water. 照字面的意思是:不要把小孩连同洗澡水一起倒掉。也就是说,不要因为过度热忱,把好的精华,连同不好的糟粕部份一起扔掉。 (Don`t throw out something valuable when getting rid of something useless; or don`t throw away the good thing with the bad.) 所以可以说:
When you attempt to design a new policy, don`t throw the baby out with the bath water. ( 当你拟定新的政策时,不要把好的部份,连同不好的,一起扔掉。 )
(12) Too many cooks spoil the broth. ( 或 soup) 照字面意思就是:太多的厨师,反而把汤破坏了。也就是说,如果人太多,意见也多,反而不易做出决定。其实一个人作主就够了。 (the more people work on a project, the worse it may turn out; or too many people or ideas may prevent from getting things done.) 所以可以说:
I need to solve this problem myself; sometimes too many cooks spoil the broth. ( 我要自己解决这个问题,有时人多,意见多,反而无法决定。 )
(13) Where there is smoke, there is fire. 照字面的意思是:有烟的地方,就有火。也就是说:一件令人怀疑的事情,背後可能有些原因的存在。即所谓「无风不起浪」。 (suspicious things usually mean something is wrong ; or there must be some reasons behind a suspicious event.) 所以可以说:
I don`t believe what he has said ; where there is smoke, there is fire. (我不信他所说的,因为无风不起浪。)
(14) When the cat is away, the mice will play. 这是一句非常流行的俗语。意思是:猫儿不在,老鼠玩得自在。也就是说,上司不在,部下就会轻松自在。所以 cat 是指任何有权威的人, mice 是指任何的部属。 (When the boss is absent, employees will usually do as they please.) (注意: cat 是用单数; mice 是 用多数,因为一般家里,也许只养一只猫,但老鼠可不止一只吧!通常老板也只有一位,员工倒不止一位吧。) (mice 的单数是 mouse) 我们也可以说:
If teen-agers are alone at home after school, it may be a case of the mice playing when the cat is away. ( 青少年放学後,如果父母不在,单独在家,就会无忧无虑,大玩特玩。 ) ( 虽然这句成语句型,稍加改变,但仍不失原意。 )
(15) Strike while the iron is hot. 这就是咱们所谓的「打铁趁热」。换句话说,就是机会一旦来临,一定要抓住,才能得到最好的结果。 (to act at the best time to get the best results ; or to grab the good opportunity whenever it presents itself) ( 也有人说成: Strike the iron when it is hot) 所以我们可以对年轻人说:
You should strike while the iron is hot. ( 你要打铁趁热,趁机行事。 )
If you want to get an advanced degree, you should strike while the iron is hot. ( 假如你想取得高学位,就应该打铁趁热。 ) ( 也就是马上进研究所「 go to graduate school right away 」 )
(16) Don`t cut off your (one`s) nose to spite your (one`s) face. 照字面的意思是:不要割破你的鼻子,而动怒了你的脸孔。也就是说,不要因为一时对他人动怒,反而害了自己。即所谓「拿自己出气。」 (one tries to hurt others, but eventually hurt oneself; or to make a situation worse for oneself when angry with someone) 假如你想陷害别人,结果反而害了自己。就可以说:
If you try to hurt someone, you may end up cutting off your nose to spite your face.
或者说: You may be cutting off your nose to spite your face if you ignore your boss all the time. ( 如果你老是不理睬你的老板,将来反而对你不利。 )
(17) Beggars can`t be choosers. 照字面的意思是:做乞丐的,就不能对获得的东西有所选择。 (chooser 是选择者 ) 换言之,要饭的,就不能挑肥拣瘦,人家给什麽,都得接受。 (needy people have to take whatever they can get ; or don`t criticize what you are given) (虽然 can`t = can not, 但在这句成语里,老外爱用 can`t ) 所以我们可以说:
When asking for help ( donation ) ,remember beggars can not be chooser. ( 当请求别人帮忙或乐捐时,就没有挑选的余地。 ) ( 人家给多少,就得拿多少。 ) |